NATO's Return to Europe: Engaging Ukraine, Russia, and Beyond by Rebecca R. Moore & Damon V. Coletta

Author:Rebecca R. Moore & Damon V. Coletta [Moore, Rebecca R. & Coletta, Damon V.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781626164888
Google: 9yQ6DwAAQBAJ
Goodreads: 39985006
Publisher: Georgetown University Press
Published: 2017-01-15T11:24:45+00:00

CHAPTER SIX

European Security at a Crossroads after Ukraine?

Institutionalization of Partnerships and Compliance with NATO’s Security Policies

Ivan Dinev Ivanov

Russia’s military intervention in Ukraine and its annexation of Crimea in 2014 was met with widespread condemnation as NATO declared at its Wales Summit that Moscow has “breached its commitments, as well as violated international law, thus breaking the trust at the core of our cooperation.”1 The events of 2014 raised concerns about NATO’s core capacity to provide security reassurances to partner states that are not protected by Article 5 and consequently posed a bigger question about the utility of partnerships as an effective tool for engaging Russia, Ukraine, and other states in the vision of a “Europe whole, free, and at peace.”2 These security reassurances vary from case to case and include political consultation and support for regional and global threats related to the prevention and management of international crises; measures for confidence building and mutual understanding; support and assistance for defense reforms, operational compatibility, and counterterrorism efforts; and joint civil-emergency planning.

While chapter 7 by Rebecca Moore deals with the broader question of the role of NATO partnerships in sustaining and enlarging the European liberal order, this chapter focuses on the institutional aspect of NATO partnerships in the aftermath of the Ukraine Crisis. Additionally, it addresses the significance of partnerships and their relevance in designing future institutional settings and setting up Alliance policies and expectations. In doing so, it raises several larger questions. Has NATO reversed its evolution from a globally relevant to a regionally focused alliance and, if so, how will this pattern affect the future of its partnerships? Can NATO partnerships serve as a useful mechanism to engage other states as a consequence of the renewed focus on Europe and increased concerns for the credibility of NATO’s Article 5 commitment? What conclusions can be drawn from the Alliance’s “return to Europe” in the aftermath of the Ukraine Crisis regarding burden-sharing, relations with Russia and other partners, and NATO’s liberal-order-building project?

In the 1990s and 2000s, NATO expanded its bilateral and multilateral partnerships, including the Partnership for Peace (PfP) in 1994, the Mediterranean Dialogue (MD) in 1994, and the Istanbul Cooperative Initiative (ICI) in 2004, to increase its global relevance after the end of the Cold War. As a result, scholars and policymakers have argued that greater institutionalization in the relations between the Alliance and partner states tends to foster partners’ compliance with its policies; it also helps make the latter more democratic, highly interoperable with the Allies, and more active in NATO-led international operations. This chapter surveys NATO’s oldest and most comprehensive partnership program—PfP—and argues that the relationship between institutionalization and partners’ compliance with NATO policies is far more complex than generally expected. To that end, NATO’s return to Europe has affected its partnerships differently—on some occasions it has facilitated greater compliance in pursuit of closer institutional ties, while on others it has signaled disengagement from NATO partnerships due to limited security guarantees for states not included in the collective defense mechanisms.

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